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A referendum on constitutional reforms was held in Morocco on 1 July 2011. It was called in response to the protests that took place earlier in the year demanding democratic reforms. A commission was to draft proposals by June 2011. A draft released on 17 June foresaw the following changes: * requiring the King to name a Prime Minister from the largest party in Parliament; * handing a number of rights from the monarch to the PM, including dissolution of parliament; * allowing parliament to grant amnesty, previously a privilege of the monarch; * making Berber an official language alongside Arabic The changes were reportedly approved by 98.49% of voters.〔 Despite protest movements calling for a boycott of the referendum, government officials claimed turnout was 72.65%. Following the referendum, early parliamentary elections were held on 25 November 2011. ==Details== The set of political reforms approved consisted of the following:〔BBC News, June 29, 2011, "Q&A: Morocco's referendum on reform" http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13964550〕 * The Amazigh language〔A standardized version of the 3 native Berber languages of Morocco: Tachelhit, Central Atlas Tamazight and Tarifit.〕 is an official state language along with Arabic.〔Article 5 of the 2011 Moroccan constitution〕 * The state preserves and protects the Hassānīya language and all the linguistic components of the Moroccan culture as a heritage of the nation.〔 * The king has the obligation to appoint a prime minister from the party that wins the most seats in the parliamentary elections. Previously, he could nominate a technocrat in this position if no party has a decisive advantage over the other parties in terms of the number of seats in the parliament.〔〔Article 47 of the 2011 Moroccan constitution〕〔 * The king is no longer "sacred" but the "integrity of his person" is "inviolable".〔Article 46 of the 2011 Moroccan constitution〕 * High administrative and diplomatic posts (including ambassadors, CEOs of state-owned companies, provincial and regional governors), are now appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the ministerial council which is presided by the king, previously the latter exclusively held this power.〔Article 91 of the 2011 Moroccan constitution〕〔Article 49 of the 2011 Moroccan constitution〕 * The prime minister is the head of government and president of the council of government, he has the power to dissolve the parliament. * The prime minister will preside over the council of Government, which prepares the general policy of the state. Previously the king held this position.〔 * The parliament has the power of granting amnesty. Previously this was exclusively held by the king.〔Article 71 of the 2011 Moroccan constitution〕 * The judiciary system is independent from the legislative and executive branch, the king guarantees this independence.〔〔Article 107 of the 2011 Moroccan constitution〕 * Women are guaranteed "civic and social" equality with men. Previously, only "political" equality was guaranteed, though the 1996 constitution grants all citizens equality in terms of rights and before the law.〔1996 Moroccan constitution〕 * The King would retain complete control of the armed forces, foreign policy and the judiciary;〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=July 30, 2011 )〕 authority for choosing and dismissing prime ministers〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=August 18, 2011 )〕 and he would retain control of matters pertaining to religion. *All citizens have the freedom of: thought, ideas, artistic expression and creation. Previously only free-speech and the freedom of circulation and association were guaranteed.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Moroccan constitutional referendum, 2011」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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